Broad autism phenotype traits and self-reported sensory processing across sensory modalities

Abstract

Background: Despite a longstanding connection between sensory processing and autism, sensory processing differences did not become part of the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) until the DSM-5. Emerging research suggests that differences in sensory processing may be related to broad autism phenotype traits in the general population. The present study adds to this literature by including a more comprehensive analysis of sensory modality and a measure of sensory gating that has not previously been related to ASD traits. Method: Through Qualtrics, 152 participants met inclusion for the study and completed the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ), Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), and several sensory questionnaires. Results: As predicted, ASD traits were significantly related to all sensory questionnaires, suggesting that as ASD traits increased, sensory reactivity differences increased. Similarly, participants who scored over established cut-offs on the AQ and BAPQ endorsed a significantly higher number of sensory difficulties. Interestingly, some, but not all, sensory modalities, measured by the Adult Sensory Processing Scale (ASPS), predicted scores on the AQ and BAPQ. Conclusions: These findings provide additional support for sensory processing being included in the broad autism phenotype and suggest that sensory processing may have consequential impacts, in both ASD and individuals without a diagnosis.

Department(s)

School of Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences

Document Type

Article

DOI

10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102359

Keywords

Autism spectrum disorder, Broad autism phenotype, Sensory processing, Traits

Publication Date

5-1-2024

Journal Title

Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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