A Study of Synthesis and Characterization of Naxmno2-δ as a Cathode Material for Sodium-Ion Battery

Author

Zia Uddin Mahmud, Missouri State UniversityFollow

Date of Graduation

Summer 2023

Degree

Master of Science in Materials Science

Department

Physics, Astronomy, and Materials Science

Committee Chair

Kartik Ghosh

Abstract

The proliferation of renewable energy sources and the promising market for net-scale battery applications immediately increases the need for electrochemical energy storage technology. Sodium (Na) components are more accessible and less expensive than lithium. Being a sodium-based material with a high-power density provided by Na-ion diffusion, Na_xMnO_{2- δ} is a strong contender for large-scale Sodium-ion-battery (SIB) applications. In the current study, Na_xMnO_{2- δ} is created using a solid-state reaction technique, and investigated structural, electrical, and electrochemical properties of materials were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-VIS spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Rietveld refinement on the respective XRD pattern led to a hexagonal structure with space group P63/mmc. Raman spectroscopy provides information about the structural fingerprint of the prepared powders by identifying the vibrational modes. XPS analysis was carried out to investigate the Mn valence of Na_xMnO_{2- δ}. Electrochemical charge-discharge cycling was performed from 2.0- 4.2 V vs Na⁺/Na for C/10 where the initial discharge capacity 102 mA h/g^-1 and 90% capacity retention after 20 cycles for Na_xMnO_{2- δ}. An ideal layered P2-type Na_xMnO_2-δ cathode calcined at 400°C has the highest specific discharge capacity of 130 mAh/g at 0.1C with capacity retention of approximately 99% and average coulombic efficiency of 98% after 20 cycles compared to 300°C in between 2.0-4.2V range (Na⁺/Na). These findings will encourage more investigation into SIB.

Keywords

SIB, solid-state technique, Rietveld refinement, capacity retention, coulombic efficiency

Subject Categories

Other Materials Science and Engineering

Copyright

© Zia Uddin Mahmud

Recommended Citation

Mahmud, Zia Uddin, "A Study of Synthesis and Characterization of Naxmno2-δ as a Cathode Material for Sodium-Ion Battery" (2023). MSU Graduate Theses. 3887.
https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/3887